Literary device
Anaphora
The repetition of the same word or phrase at the start of successive lines, clauses, or sentences. One of the oldest rhetorical devices, common to prayer, oratory, scripture, and the long lyric.
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Literary devices
How metaphor, enjambment, radif, and other devices work — guidelines a poet considers, then bends with care.
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Literary device
Apostrophe
A direct address to an absent person, an abstraction, an object, or a force of nature. One of the oldest rhetorical figures and a defining gesture of the ode, the elegy, and the lyric address.
Literary device
Epistrophe
The repetition of the same word or phrase at the *end* of successive lines, clauses, or sentences. Anaphora's mirror — closure rather than opening — one of the oldest rhetorical figures.